The role of space related non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in capacity building

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a unique role in international affairs, providing access to resources, expertise, and assistance to supplement State resources. Sometimes the diplomatic skills and unofficial access of NGOs to policymakers through Track Two diplomacy can move a previously stalled critical issue forward and assist policymakers from different countries to find common ground outside official channels. Because they work outside of official channels, they are not bound by State policy that may inhibit negotiations between States. Some also have a convening power that sometimes makes it possible for State representatives to meet discipline experts and each other for informal discussions on issues of mutual interest. Finally, NGOs can draw attention to issues that may be overlooked or avoided by State organizations.     

Shock protection of penetrator-based instrumentation via a sublimation approach

It is often necessary for space-borne instrumentation to cope with substantial levels of shock acceleration both in the initial launch phase, as well as during entry, descent and landing in the case of planetary exploration. Current plans for a new generation of penetrator-based space missions will subject the associated on-board instrumentation to far greater levels of shock, and ways must therefore be found to either ruggedize or else protect any sensitive components during the impact phase. In this paper, we present an innovative method of shock protection that is suited for use in a number of planetary environments, based upon the temporary encapsulation of said components within a waxy solid which may then be sublimated to return the instrument back to its normal operation. We have tested this method experimentally using micromachined silicon suspensions under applied shock loads of up to 15,000g, and found that these were able to survive without incurring damage. Furthermore, quality factor measurements undertaken on these suspensions indicate that their mechanical performance remains unaffected by the encapsulation and subsequent sublimation process.     

Hilbert空间中严格伪压缩映像的强收敛定理

给出了一种求解严格伪压缩非自身映像不动点集上变分不等式的迭代算法，并证明了其强收敛性。此结果推广了姚永红和T．H．Kim等的研究结果。最后，进一步将结论推广到求解有限个严格伪压缩非自身映像公共不动点集上的变分不等式。     

地基深空网发射机现状及未来发展

我国未来深空探测工程的发展对地基深空站发射机提出了更高的要求,不仅仅需要具有更高的输出功率,同时需要解决发射机高频谱纯度、高效率以及上行功率合成等。针对这些要求,对国内外地基深空网的组成和深空站高功率发射机现状以及未来发展趋势进行了研究,分析了速调管发射机与固态发射机在高功率输出条件下的优势,在此基础上,提出了我国深空站速调管发射机需要开展高功率连续波速调管、高功率低损耗滤波器、低纹波高功率开关电源、上行功率合成等关键技术,并为相应关键技术提供了理论建议及相应的解决方法,这可以为我国未来深空探测工程高功率发射机研制提供技术支撑,为后续地基深空网建设和发展提供参考。     

Beam-Park-Experiment-1/2000 with TIRA

A monostatic 24-h debris observation campaign (BPE-1/2000) has been prepared and conducted using FGAN's TIRA L-Band system. Based on experiences from previous Beam-park experiments a similar largely automated data processing is applied on an extended range window of 300–2000km. More than 1500 detections are encountered, 471 of them are verified as being real objects in Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO). PROOF's observation forecasting of catalogued objects is evaluated against the observed objects, and the difficulties obtaining radar cross-sections (RCSs) and object sizes from Beam-park experiments are discussed. Sidelobe detections are identified by using background information like two-line element (TLE) sets and/or catalogued RCSs.In comparison with previous experiments, the statistics show similarities confirming the concept of Beam-park experiments for space debris observations, despite the snapshot character of 24-h experiments. The comparison with MASTER/PROOF'99 and ORDEM2000 leads to a reasonable agreement between models and observations.     

适用于时变不确定系统的并行模型自适应估计

摘要： 针对受到潜在模型不确定性影响的系统,设计一种并行模型自适应估计(PMAE)算法.以往基于不确定性系统模型设计的滤波算法,在模型精确的情况下,性能往往不及传统卡尔曼滤波（KF）.为了解决该问题,设计基于多个并行滤波器的自适应状态估计算法,其中一个滤波器为KF,用于在未出现模型不确定性的情况下,对系统进行最优状态估计;另一个滤波器为扩维卡尔曼滤波（AKF）,用于在出现模型不确定性的情况下,对不确定性模型参数进行辨识.以空间目标监视为例,分析算法的性能.仿真结果表明,利用PMAE算法能够自适应地对两个并行滤波器进行切换和折衷,从而有效应对模型中存在不确定性和不存在不确定性两种情况.     

空间通信与BATS码：天成之合

创新通信技术在国家重大空间技术开发计划中有着巨大的需求。本文综述了基于网络编码的空间通信技术,旨在探索未来基于网络编码的空间通信技术的可行性和潜力。首先讨论了空间通信的特点,并给出了不同编码方法的概述;详细介绍了基于网络编码的批量稀疏编码（BATS码）创新技术。BATS码作为一种潜在的应用技术可以很好地解决多跳中继网络中严重丢包问题;给出一个BATS码原型设计和实现,实验结果证明BATS码比现有技术具有明显优势;最后,讨论了BATS码在空间通信中的应用前景。     

月基平台对地观测数据传输链路方案设计及分析

数据传输及处理能力是月基平台构建中的一个重要问题,如何高效准确地传输海量对地观测数据至地球供后续研究是开展月基对地观测的关键环节。通过STK和MATLAB软件联合仿真,模拟月基平台对地观测数据传输链路,首次提出适用于月基平台的下行链路通信方案:通过构建中纬度地球站、最小间隔经度值为40°的2颗中继卫星组的设计方案,可以最大程度地实现全天候、无时断的信号传输,满足下行链路接收端获取足够强度和低误码率的信息,从而保障月基平台的运行。      

考虑摩擦的空间抓捕过程碰撞动力学分析与控制

目前针对空间抓捕中的碰撞进行建模的方法中很少考虑摩擦因素。然而,摩擦作为碰撞过程中不可避免的现象,对碰撞动力学响应及整个空间抓捕任务有着不容忽视的影响。文章结合库伦摩擦理论和拉格朗日乘子法,建立了同时兼顾滑动和粘滞状态的摩擦模型,然后将求解到的摩擦力与碰撞力进行矢量合成,作为对碰撞模型的修正。另外,针对碰撞过程对机器人姿态产生的干扰,利用反 馈线性化设计了解耦控制器对基座姿态漂移进行稳定控制。数值仿真采用一个平面2灢DOF空间机器人,利用动量和动量矩守恒定理验证了动力学模型的正确性,同时基座姿态控制结果收敛说明了控制器的有效性。     

临近空间环境下封闭方腔内耦合换热特性

以临近空间浮空器载荷舱为应用背景,对复杂热边界条件下含热源的三维封闭方腔内自然对流、表面辐射和导热的耦合问题进行了数值模拟。综合考虑对流换热、长波辐射、太阳辐射等因素的影响,建立了临近空间热环境模型。通过Fluent软件用户自定义函数（UDF）引入外部非定常的辐射-对流耦合热边界条件,对腔内换热特性的昼夜变化进行研究,并分析了腔壁厚度、发射率和导热系数对其的影响。数值结果表明,腔内平均温度昼夜变化很小,约为12.9 K,但温度场分布随太阳方位变化而变化;腔内对流换热较弱,同一时刻最大温差约为71.3 K;腔壁热阻和发射率增加会削弱自然对流的强度。